Furthermore, the supercooling depends on the nature of ions and is 2-3 K larger for NaCl solution than that for KCl solution in the present concentration range: Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to reveal the intrinsic correlation between supercoolability and microstructure. The supercooling of water is obviously enhanced by the alkali metal ions and increases linearly with the augmentation of concentrations.
The supercooling capability of aqueous NaCl and KCl solutions is investigated at containerless state by using acoustic levitation method. Supercooling of aqueous NaCl and KCl solutions under acoustic levitation. The high stability and temperature independence of the cluster sizes in aqueous NaCl shed light on the temperature invariance of its solubility. Comparison of NMR chemical shifts of saturated salt solutions with solid-state NMR data of pure salts, and evaluation of spectral modifications in the OH stretch region of saturated salt solutions as compared to that of pure water, provided important clues on ion pair-water interactions and water structure in the clusters. Information obtained from the temperature-dependent solution compressibility (determined from speed of sound and density measurements), multinuclear NMR ((1)H, (17)O, (35)Cl NMR), and FTIR were utilized to explain the cluster behavior. Compared to the other cases, the average size of NaCl-water clusters remained almost constant over the studied temperature range of 20-70 Â☌. In order to examine cluster stability, the changes in the cluster sizes were monitored as a function of temperature. The growth and stability of salt-water clusters have been experimentally studied in aqueous solutions of NaCl, KCl, and NH(4)Cl from dilute to near-saturation conditions employing dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. Temperature invariance of NaCl solubility in water: inferences from salt-water cluster behavior of NaCl, KCl, and NH4Cl.īharmoria, Pankaj Gupta, Hariom Mohandas, V P Ghosh, Pushpito K Kumar, Arvind However, when substitution was 30% in minced meat and 35% in hams the isotherms were similar to isotherm without substitution. The water content at equilibrium was higher in minced meat with NaCl than in minced meat with KCl (100% molar substitution of NaCl by KCl) at 5Â☌ within the range of 0.4313 and 0.7565 a(w). The hermetically closed sorption containers filled with KCl and minced meat samples were irradiated at 3kGrey (gamma irradiation (60)Co). The sorption equipment consisted of a chamber containing 11 containers, covering the water activity (a(w)) range from 0.112 to 0.946 at 25Â☌. The sorption isotherms were determined gravimetrically by exposing the meat samples to several atmospheres of known relative humidity controlled by different saturated salts according to the COST90 method. The effect of KCl on sorption isotherms was determined on salted minced meat (with 0%, 30% and 100% molar substitution of NaCl by KCl) at 5Â☌ and 25Â☌ and meat from a 3mm thick slice from the surface of dry-cured hams (with 0% and 35% molar substitution of NaCl by KCl) held at 70-75%, 75-80% and 80-85% air relative humidity during the resting period.
Then a bigger crack! All at once, a very big wave of water flew out of the broken water vat.Sorption isotherms of salted minced pork and of lean surface of dry-cured hams at the end of the resting period using KCl as substitute for NaCl. He picked up the rock and threw it again. He picked up the rock and threw it at the bottom of the water vat. “Then we cannot do anything to help,” yelled Li Na in fear. Then – oh, no! Wang Wei fell down into the water vat! When he was at the top he called, “Look at me – one foot!” “Come down here and play,” said Sima Guang.
“It is not too high for me!” said Wang Wei. “Wang Wei said, “I bet I can go up to the top of the water vat!” “Do not go to the top of the water vat!” said Li Na. Wang Wei said, “I bet I can go up to the top of the water vat!” A water vat is a very big clay jar used to keep rain water. One day, the friends were playing in the yard. He liked to play in his backyard with his friends Wang Wei, Li Na, and Zhang Yong.
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